36
Inventory of Innovative Indoor Smoke
Alleviating Technologies in Nepal
Information of various organisations involved in
promotion and dissemination of metal stoves is given
in Annex 2.
According to findings, air induced (bayupankhi) stove is
more efficient as it reduces the fuel consumption by 40
per cent, followed by metal stove (around 25 per cent)
and mud-brick ICS (around 20 per cent). Likewise,
bayupankhi stove reduces cooking time by one hour
per day, whereas metal and mud-brick stoves reduces
cooking time by 0.5 to 1 hour. In high hills, due to severe
cold climate, mainly metal stoves are suitable. Jumla
design smokeless metal stoves is very popular in Karnali
zone and some mid hill areas of north Kaski. It is
expected that the KU-2 design metal stove will be
accepted by the users if it gives the same performance
in the field as in lab tests. Portable type metal stoves
are also suitable in these regions. Ujelli stove with TEG
could be one of the solutions because of its dual function
but the reliability of technology is still a question. The
portable type high efficient bayupankhi (air induced)
stove is most suitable in places with electricity.
In general, the dissemination of metal stoves is very
successful due to following reasons:
Government and donor agencies are working
together to raise awareness
Provision of subsidy in distribution (only for metal
stoves distributed in high hills for areas 2000m ASL,
50 per cent of total cost not exceeding NRs. 2500
subsidy by AEPC); in case of mud brick stoves, only
indirect subsidy like local capacity development
through trainings is provided
Suitable for typical rural HH kitchen
Involvement of NGOs and CBOs including private
sector in dissemination
Efficiency is high compared to traditional ones (20
to 32 per cent)
Availability of options - variability in design (3
potholes heavy with bread making and water heating
facility to small portable type) including air induced
(bayupankhi) for better combustion. Availability of
briquette stoves as well as barbecue stoves
Advantage of space heating in high hills and
mountains
Highly effective in IAP reduction because of better
combustion. Fuel saving is 25 to 40 per cent
compared to traditional stoves and time saving is
0.5 to 1 hour per day
However, there are still some hindrances in the effective
implementation of this intervention due to the reasons
below:
Expensive as rural people may not be able to afford
it even with the subsidy provided by AEPC/ESAP
Users are not aware of IAP and detrimental effects
associated with it; also fuel and time saving is not a
priority/concern for users
Beliefs in reducing the pest termite effects from
smoke and inconvenience while using large pots (not
suitable for agro-processing, preparing animal food
and alcohol distillation)
Variation in quality of stove due to use of different
types of raw materials and skills
Need of metal workshop/factory for fabrication locally.
Requirement of small and most preferably consistent
sized fuel wood
Requirement of electricity (or solar or battery)
particularly for bayupankhi stoves
High risk of child burning due to metal being good
heat conductor
Lack of proper maintenance, which results in low
IAP reduction, fuel and time saving
Less efficient, if only one meal is cooked at a time
in a three potholes stove
Dissemination is based on project targets rather than
having a good market based approach
Lack of coordination among promoters
For successful dissemination of mud-brick ICS and metal
stoves, following are the recommendations:
Information materials informing on health hazards
due to IAP in the forms of posters and pictorial
manuals need to be effectively disseminated for
awareness creation and demand generation
The programme should be focused in areas where
collection of fuel is difficult
Potential market of improved stoves must be
recognised through market survey to commercially
promote the technology
Feedback from the local artisans should be
considered during the designing phase
Government should assist in dissemination, technical
advice, quality control, and monitoring and evaluation
of ICS programme implementation
Government or donor support should be extended
for at least five years for the development of local
institutions and local expertise